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Titanium applications in industry
Despite the fact that the commercial production of titanium has only been in the past sixty years and then only by a complex and costly process, it's unique properties have led to advances in technology, aviation, marine, medical and many other applications that we obvious, but may not have been possible or as efficiently by using an alternative.
A promising new development known as the FFC Cambridge process result in the production of Titanium at lower cost than the original Kroll process still used to this day.
The properties of Titanium
Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti.
It has a silvery metallic luster when pure.
It is as strong as steel, but is only slightly more than half of its weight and twice as strong as aluminum.
Titanium-based alloys of very high strength / weight ratios.
Titanium is ductile, malleable, wieldable and easily worked.
It is available in several formats that wire, sheet, staff, foil, granules, sponge and powder.
It has a very low response to magnetism.
Titanium has a very low electrical resistance and thermal conductivity.
Titanium is highly corrosion resistant, it is impermeable for saltwater, chlorine and a wide range of acids, unless concentrated, and bases.
Titanium burns in air and is one of the few elements that burn in nitrogen (the makes big fireworks!)
The metal is physiologically inert and nontoxic. ie has no effect on the human or animal body.
It is the ninth most abundant element present in the crust. It is found in meteorites and discovered in the sun and the class M stars.
Approximately 90% of global use in the form of titanium or titanium Titanium compounds Applications
The Apollo 17 mission brought back moon rocks containing Titanium compounds.
Titanium applications.
Titanium recognized as a critical strategic metal for its' importance to the military.
During the cold war the Soviet Union, a producer of titanium, the metal used and the 'alloys as the main material in the construction of the submarine fleet as it is impervious to seawater.
Russia made an attempt to corner the market in the U.S. and Titanium to rob her allies of the material.
Titanium and its' alloys are used in the manufacture of armored vehicles, military aircraft, including stealth aircraft, Navy uses ships, ammunition, and spacecraft.
Titanium dioxide is widely used in paints, paper, plastics, toothpaste and cement for the intense whiteness, resistance, excellent coverage properties and the ability to add strength to the product.
It is recognized for its ability to alloy with other metals for their strength improve durability and lightness.
Titanium alloys are an essential element in the skins of wide body aircraft, landing gear and hydraulic hoses. A Boeing 777 uses 58 tonnes of the metal and the Airbus A380 is expected to use 67 tons and another 10 tons in the engines.
Heat exchangers in desalination plants rely Titanium on the non-corrosion properties and is even used in heating-chillers in aquaria.
It is an effective catalyst in a number of commercially important chemical processes.
Because it does not adversely react with the human body and has a benign
bone connectivity that is not fully understood, Titanium is used for orthopedic implants, artificial heart pumps, pacemakers, joint replacement and dental implants.
Its use in medicine includes surgical tools used for image-guided surgery and magnetic resonance imaging.
Titanium is used in some construction projects and related applications, such as the 150-meter high memorial Yuri Gagarin in Moscow, the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain and others.
The oil industry is a user for its off-shore activities and pipes.
On a more mundane level, the metal and its alloys can be found in many everyday applications including consumer, - tennis rackets, golf clubs, camping equipment, diving accessories, spectacle frames (including shape memory frames), food, sky writing, artificial gems, and sweet candy coatings, bicycles, computer components, sports helmets, watches, jewelry and many others.
There seems no limit future use of this extraordinarily versatile metal, especially if the FCC Cambridge process successfully reduces the cost and complexity of the production cost of the metal to add his "approved unique properties.
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