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GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Pt. II

• WHAT Digest ratio is?

Columns used for the building have a clear value called the crippling burden of loadthe buckling load at which the column bends or kinks, but not break. The effective length of the column is the length of an equivalent column of the same material and cross section with hinged ends and the value of the crippling burden equal to that of the given column. The least radius of gyration is the radius of gyration with the lowest moment of inertia is considered. The ratio of the actual length of the least radius of gyration, the slenderness ratio of the column.

• WAT Temple Square is special?

The Temple Square in Utah is very religious place for members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It symbol of the sacred ordinances or agreements that place there To Mormons, the Gospel of Jesus is not complete without temples, The Temple Square is special because the Mormons van remember the sacrifices the pioneers built. It is also the headquarters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

• Who discovered the rings of Saturn?

Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch physicist and astronomer, discovered that Saturn has rings. He also discovered Titan, the moon of Saturn.

• IS THERE AN EXAMPLE OF A MAGNET?

Magnets in nature and those found by man two poles without exception. In contrast, electrical charges are separated from each other. Several experiments to detect magnetic monopoles are not convincing.

• When the first manned balloon flight Site?

In the late eighteenth century, two French paper makers, the brothers Mont golfer, began to experimenting with hot air balloons. On October 15, 1783, a French scientist, Francois de Rozier was the first person to make a balloon ascent. He stood at a height of 80 ft in a balloon by the Mont-golfers.

• The VSAT acronym FOR WHAT?

VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal. VSAT nodes along a network, using a directional antenna with a geo-stationary satellite. VSAT technology is used to transfer information and is extremely popular in banking and financial services industry, and Multi Sided linking government offices.

• OFBUCKYBALLS Have You Heard?

Buck balls microscopic balls of 60 carbon atoms resembling a dome. They have holes big enough to hold other atoms - even full molecules. Unless heated to a very high temperature, the contents of the cavities do not emerge. This has a huge potential in medicine, mechanics miniature, battery technology and high strength materials.

• WHAT IS 'nuclear winter'?

'Nuclear winter' is used to wake to describe a nuclear explosion caused due to a nuclear war or a nuclear accident. The consequences of this devastating explosion would be that no quantifiable amounts dust and smoke would be released into the stratosphere of the earth. This would block energy from the sun from reaching the surface of the earth, thus lowering the temperature. The period This effect would be determined by the intensity of the explosion. "Nuclear Winter" would threaten the existence of life on earth.

• HOW DOES A gas lighter work?

Some crystalline materials (such as quartz, | Rochelle salt and some ceramics) have piezoelectric behavior. When the pressure applied to them, you get a charge separation within the crystal and a voltage across the crystal that sometimes very high. For example, in a barbecue lighter, the popping sound you hear is a little spring-loaded hammer hitting a crystal and generating thousands of volts on the faces of the crystal. A high voltage that is identical to the voltage that drives a spark plug in a gasoline engine. The crystal can generate a voltage spark that lights the nice gas grill.

• HOW DOES ONE KNOW THE ROUTE TO A PILOT DESTINATION IS HE FLYING?

Pilots rely heavily on computerized controls and with the help of the autopilot and flight management computer, steer the plane along the planned route. They are monitored by air traffic control "stations pass along the road. They regularly check their fuel supply, condition of their engines and air-conditioning, hydraulic and other systems. Pilots may request a change in altitude or route if circumstances require.

• WHAT HEALING DID KIND OF DR EDWARD BACH PIONEER?

Dr. Edward Bach pioneered a kind of healing therapy called flower remedy. This deals mainly mental and emotional manifestations of the disease, called on the administration of medicines derived from the flowering parts of plants. Dr. Bach considered comprises 38 measures adequate to the most common negative moods that afflict humanity to treat. After his death and added many job opportunities now total more than 200. He believed that the corrective measures divine were enriched.

• WHY We find that the air is FRESH AFTER it rains?

People who live in cities like Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore are bound to feel the fresh air after the first heavy monsoon showers. This is because the Bowers bringing heaven, gases such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc. These first monsoon showers be harmful to many freshly planted saplings in these cities.

• The filament of an electric lamp is heated to very high temperatures. HOW IS IT NOT BUM?

The filament not bum because the ball is filled with inert gases such as argon and nitrogen. Oxygen is needed for combustion.

• WHAT Are asteroids?

• Who invented the bicycle?

The first known patent for a machine that looked like a bicycle was given to Jean Theson in 1645. It had four wheels and was powered by two men. The first two-wheel machine was invented by a Frenchman, Baron Karl Drais (Baron von Drais) in 1818. But not catch on. What was caught on the bike, invented by a blacksmith, Kirkpatrick Macmillan of Scotland.

• HOW FORESTS help prevent flooding?

One of the main reasons for flooding is soil erosion from the area near THD banks

river. Forests have a dense cluster of trees in them. The roots of trees to retain soil and prevent erosion. It is therefore important that the trees should not be cut indiscriminately, especially near the banks of the rivers.

• DO volcanic eruptions and earthquakes within OCEANS ALSO?

The waves we see in the seas and oceans are mainly caused by air currents. The size of the sea waves depends on the speed of the wind and how long the wind blows. Tides caused by the attraction of the moon (and to some extent the attraction of the Sun) on the water. Mighty waves like tsunamis caused by earthquakes below the water in the seas and oceans.

• WHAT viscosity?

Viscosity is a characteristic seen in liquids that resistance against a body moving through them. It is equivalent to friction. When a body falls through a viscous fluid, reaches a final speed or uniform velocity due to the viscous force balances gravity.

• WHY is it that we can walk more easily on wet sand than dry sand?

Did you not encounter the laws of Newton? Everyone remains in a state of rest or uniform motion effect, unless forced to do otherwise by an impressed (external) force. Walking is possible because the ground we walk some resistance. Assuming that the resistance is zero, that the foot is brought forward will continue and you will fall forward. Even dry sand offers some resistance. That is why you can walk on, if you're careful. Wet sand offers more resistance and thus can more easily walk on wet sand.

• WHAT A RETRO-rocket is?

Newton's first law of motion provides a spacecraft traveling in space: It continues to travel at a uniform speed. Since there is no reaction in the room, a retro-rocket fired in the direction opposite to that of the motion, reduces the speed of the spacecraft.

• WHAT IS TORQUEWRENCH?

• A ENT IS A DOCTOR. What does he specialize in?

An otolaryngology is a physician who specializes in the problems of the ear, nose and throat (ENT). Myocardial infarction is the technical term for ...? Unique is the application of liquid nitrogen to destroy warts.

• WHAT IS THE WIND IS Chill Factor?

Windchill is the rate of loss of body heat due to the movement of air. In simple language, a strong wind can be much colder than the ambient temperature. Paul LPIS the term coined in 1939 during an expedition to Antarctica.

• WHAT is eutrophication?

The process water lake is fed by both the natural process of aging or artificial processes.

• WHAT a diamond is made?

A 100 million tears ago, when the Earth was cooling, carbon deposits were exposed to extreme heat and pressure of molten rock. These deposits crystallized to form diamond mines. Moreover, the Diamond is the hardest material known to mankind. If so, how is the diamond cut various shapes for use in jewelry? Cutting fabric made of diamond cut diamond. More than 80 percent of the diamonds used in the industry itself.

• WHAT IS A RE-ENTRY VEHICLE?

When a spaceship returns to Earth, it encounters tremendous friction of the atmosphere that generates heat. To ensure the safety of the astronauts and the expensive equipment, the spacecraft is protected by heat resistant material. Scientists from the former Soviet Union were the first to re-entry vehicle to successfully implement the early sixties.

• WHAT IS OZONE?

Ozone is the allotropic form of oxygen. It is used in water purification and in the treatment of gangrene. His presence in the upper atmosphere is of crucial importance as it absorbs energetic ultraviolet radiation. Vehicles and industrial pollution has led to the depletion of these life saving molecule and is a source of concern for environmental scientists.

• WHAT IS HYDROPONICS?

Hydroponics is often defined as the cultivation of plants in the water. As many aggregates or media support vegetation definition is extended to the cultivation of plants to read Growers without soil using hydroponic techniques due to lack of water or fertile farmland. Home gardeners have used fresh vegetables all year to grow and grow plants in smaller spaces. Greenhouses and nurseries grow plants in an immaculate, peat or bark-based growing mix.

• WHAT IS Sidereal Time?

A sidereal year is the time it takes for the sun to move from one position to a fixed star and back again to the same position as observed from the same place on earth. It is equal to 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes and 11 seconds.

• WHY THE POOR MAN'S BALLOON called satellite?

Unlike hot air balloons, which are used in the sport, has filled the hydrogen used for scientific, metrological and military purposes. They can contribute useful a few tons of cargo. They are widely used for astronomical observations, including research on X-ray emission of stars.

• WHAT Coriolis power?

When a body moves in a circular path, experience the centripetal force toward the center of the circle. When you walk inside a bus takes a curve, an additional force acts on you. It is called the Coriolis force, a force based on two simultaneous movements of the same body.

• WHO Is the father of gas-filled bulbs?

Irving Langmuir studied chemical reactions at high temperatures and low pressures. One of the spin-offs of this research was to develop of gas filled lamps.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN Atomic and BOMB9 IS A NUCLEAR

Nuclear bombs are two types - Dependent on nuclear fission, such as atomic bombs, and those who depend on fusion, including hydrogen bombs. The former get their explosive energy from the splitting of atoms in materials such as uranium or plutonium, which takes place automatically. On the other hand, hydrogen bombs, also known as thermonuclear bombs, are linked to the fusion of atoms, as taking place in our sun, too much vaster amounts of energy than atomic bombs release. The fusing requires very high temperatures, then nukes are generally used as triggers for hydrogen bombs. Hence each atom bomb is a nuclear bomb, but every nuclear bomb is an atomic bomb.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CYCLONE IS, Hurricane, Tornado and Twister?

Technically a cyclone is any circular storm. But now it is only used to a strong tropical storm found off the coast of India. Hurricanes and typhoons are the same, but in different places. On the coast of Florida called Hurricane. In the Philippines, called typhoon. Hurricanes occur in the Atlantic Ocean and typhoons in the Pacific Ocean. Basically, hurricanes and typhoons form over water and are huge, while tornados form over land and are much smaller in size. A tornado A fierce storm is characterized by a rotating, funnel-shaped cloud. In the United States, twister is used as aa colloquial term for tornado.

• IF RESONANCE DOES OCCUR?

Resonance occurs when two or more objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency and the sound produced by an object caused the other to vibrate. Strings or air columns tuned to vibrate at certain frequencies result in the production of music. Resonance can also be destructive. Making individual Bridges can damage components resonate. This happens when a strong wind blows or a mechanized army convoy passes on.

• YOU KNOW WHAT HAPPENS IN CLASH ANTI MATTER?

Each elementary particle is known that an antiparticle with opposite properties. When the two meet, they destroy each other provide energy and twice the mass of the particle.

• Who discovered Piezo-electric effect?

Modern kitchens are equipped with a piezo lighters. Especially when it flows to produce substances are subjected to pressure. Pierre Curie, husband of Marie and co-discoverer of radium, was the one who discovered piezoelectricity.

• WHAT IS inertia?

1. It is owned by a body to stay in one state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external agency. It is thought that the mass of a body the size of the total inertia. Scientists are conducting experiments to distinguish between humans and slow gravitational mass.

• WHO DESIGNED The exact nature of the motion of planets?

Johannes Kepler, German astronomer, thought important laws of planetary motion. After 17 years of observation, Kepler found orbits of planets around the sun are ellipses and not circles.

• Quarks WHY ARE IMPORTANT?

"Three quarks yield mark," said James Joyce. Indeed, three quarks together to form melt nucleons: protons and neutrons to the nucleus. Quarks are believed to be the fundamental building blocks of matter.

• WHERE ARE transuranic elements found?

Transuranic elements are not found in nature but are artificially created in the laboratory. They represent atomic numbers 93 to 109, introduced after the last stable element, uranium.

• WHAT IS THE NAME OF WAY CONNECTED WITH WAVELENGTH De Broglie?

1. In modern physics, wave-particle duality of the microscopic world continue the struggle of the scientists. Light is made of waves, but it can also be described as consisting of small particles called photons. A sub-atomic particles can be described as wave properties. De Broglie, a French physicist, was the first to give a formula for the "wavelength" of the particle.

• SO WHY THE ROBOT is named?

The word comes from the Slavic "Robota7, which means compulsory work. Robots are used in hazardous environments. Now robots have also been driven by artificial intelligence.

• WHAT IS PARAFILAX?

1. Parallax is the apparent displacement of an astronomical object as a result of the change in the area of the observers. The fact that we observe stars from the surface of the earth instead of its center causes while geocentric parallax heliocentric parallax occurs because The observation is made of the earth and not from the Sun In modern photography, is the term used for the difference between the view of an object through the lens of the camera and a seen through a separate viewfinder.

• THAT THE BIGGEST missile test center in the world?

Poker Flat Research Range (PFRR) is the largest country in the world at the rocket range. It is a chain of down range flight monitoring, observing stations and rehabilitation of inland Alaska to Spitsbergen in the Arctic Ocean. Poker Flat is a sounding rocket launch facility 30 miles northeast of Fairbanks aurora and used for middle to upper atmospheric research. The Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, it works.

• HOW FORESTS help prevent flooding?

One of the main reasons for flooding is soil erosion from the area near the banks of the River. F'orests have a dense cluster of trees in them. The roots of the trees to maintain the soil and prevent erosion. It is therefore important that trees should not blindly be reduced, especially near the banks of the rivers.

• Nobel Prizes WHY ARE ONLY GIVEN IN NORWAY AND NOT in another country?

The Nobel prizes were founded by Alfred Nobel, Norwegian chemist, engineer and industrialist.

• WHY IS room LINKS BETWEEN rails on the railroad?

You must have learned at school that heat expands and cold contracts. This means that due to the heat, all bodies expand. (There are those rare exfor extension, a little space is left between the rails.

• HOW is the instrument for measuring the intensity of calibrated EARTHQUAKES?

"The Richter scale is a measure of the magnitude of an earthquake. Magnitude is a measure of the size of an earthquake, but rather a direct measurement the intensity of ground shaking, is a reflection of the strength of the seismic waves emitted by the earthquake, a phenomenon that can be detected at great distance the epicenter of the earthquake. As an earthquake magnitude can only be determined

by routine measurements by seismometers, size is an important measurement often Seismograms recorded on. The scale is logarithmic - this means that a factor-of-10 in real earthquake energy difference corresponds to a difference of an integer on the scale.

• WHAT ARE sunspots?

The dark spots on the surface of the Sun are called sunspots. These areas are locations for sudden changes in the magnetic environment of the 'magnetic storms'. She darker in contrast to the surrounding areas, hence the name.

• WHY EXHAUST PIPE IS A tractor curved up?

As the hot exhaust of a car and tend to move up, turned up a pipe increases is the most natural form, hi one tractor, the seat of the driver immediately behind the engine and usually open. Thus, a backward-bending exhaust will raise the exhaust directly at the driver. The rear part of a tractor is wider than the engine. Even a sideways curved pipe have the same effect. If an agricultural tractor has several attachments and a trailer, The exhaust pipe can not be extended behind the rear tires from under the chassis. A tractor works mainly on rough terrain which could damage an exhaust pipe sticking down from the chassis.

• Fuel cell technology is WHAT?

Fuel cell technology uses the fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts hydrogen and oxygen in the water, and in the process it produces electricity with a fuel cell, chemicals constantly current in the cell so it never goes dead - as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, electricity flows from the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use of hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.

• WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF DELAY IN satellite?

The normal communication geostationary satellites. In other words, these satellites have the same period of revolution of the Earth - 24 hours. To achieve this, the satellite will be launched at an altitude of 36,000 km from the earth. The messages, sent by radio waves, traveling this distance back and forth. Radio waves are transmitted to the speed of light, about 3 km per lakh seconds. Therefore, approximately one quarter of one seconds lost in the crossing of the distance between the Earth and the satellite.

• What contribution DID Luis Alvarez to modern science?

This American physicist developed the linear accelerator in 1946 where he won the Nobel Prize in 1968. He and his son, Walter, first proposed that mass extinctions around the Jurassic - including those of dinosaurs, were caused by the influence of a large space object.

• WHAT IS caving?

Is the science that explores and studies caves beneath the surface.

• WAT wave-particle duality?

In classical physics, the physical phenomena related to light, ie. reflection of a glass surface, refraction through a prism, interference when two or more light sources were brought together and diffraction, the bending of light along the edge of an object, can be explained by the wave theory. But this description is not in possession of the microscopic world. In modern physics, light is made of discrete packets of energy.

• WAT IS THE Faraday cage?

The Faraday cage, also known as Faraday Shield or screen, is a network of parallel wires connected to a common guide to provide a final electrostatic shielding without affecting electromagnetic waves. The common conductor is usually grounded. It weakens an electrostatic field, designed to prevent the passage of electromagnetic waves, either containing or excluding from the interior space. It is named after physicist Michael Faraday, who First built in 1836.

• WHAT IS AN unmanned aircraft?

An unmanned aircraft, usually a MAV (Micro Air Vehicle), is one that is programmed to go somewhere or do something on its own, or is a remote controlled airplane off the ground. Most pilotless planes are quite small in size. Pilotless aircraft used for dangerous tasks such as spying or exploring new places with a camera, which passes data back to the floor. They can be very useful as many are shot down or crash, and thus save the life of a real pilot.

• True WAS India's first electricity generating station?

The 4-5 megawatt hydroelectric plant near Sivasamudram fall of the Cauvery in North Holland was the first major electricity plant in India. Ownership of a few British companies, was founded by General Electric of the U.S.. It was in 1902, and exports was mainly intended the Kolar gold mines, located about 90 miles away many smaller stations began operation earlier in different parts of India. The first small hydroelectric plant, a 130-kilowatt plant, began operation in 1897 in Darjeeling.

• WHY IS THE HOTTEST PLANET VENUS MERCURY EVEN closest to the sun?

The degree of hotness of a planet not so much dependent on distance from the Sun to the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide tends to heat, which in turn increases the temperature fluctuations. Atmosphere Mercury does not contain carbon dioxide (because all that heat back to space). Venus has a high percentage of carbon dioxide due to which the hottest planet.

• IS it true that the Sahara expands a half miles south of EACH YEAR?

In the years 1970 and 1980 reported that the Sahara desert rose southward with a speed of 5 km per year. But during the last decade usas NOAA weather satellite observed that this "desertification" is a myth. It is not as severe as previously suspected. The deserts reflect much of the incoming solar radiation compared to the country with vegetation (during cloud-free days). Satellites measuring the reflected radiation daily, showing the land cover or greenness can be inferred. The analysis of these data for several years, it was found that the Sahara was not expanding.

• IS TRUE THAT TRUE the Sahara desert a half mile south each year?

It is true that the Sahara desert is growing, but not only one half miles. It is an extension speed of 30 miles south per year! The elongation is affected Djaja grasslands. Because of the extreme heat, the vegetation is dying out of the area, resulting more desertification. So every year in the Sahara Desert increasing and scientists are developing methods to stop or reduce the rapid changes. They say that if this continues, it will all turn Africa into a desert one days. Global warming is also a major threat in the expansion of the Sahara.

• WHICH SMALL sub-atomic particle?

The smallest particle is the quark, the fundamental building blocks of hadrons. There are two types of hadrons: baryons (three quarks) and mesons (a quark, an antiquark). Protons and neutrons are stable baryons. There are leptons, a family of elementary particles, electrons, muons, tauons, and includes neutrinos. Neutrinos were originally supposed zero mass, but they have found a very small mass, smaller than a subatomic particle have. Calling someone a hadron head "is seen as an insult among physicists.

• WHAT THE Kuiper Belt?

The Kuiper Belt is disk-shaped belt of billions of small icy bodies orbiting the Sun beyond the orbit of Neptune, usually 30-50 times the distance from the Sun Earth Modern computer simulations show the Kuiper Belt are heavily influenced by Jupiter and Neptune.

• WHAT IS A NUCLEAR 'Winter'?

The nuclear winter theory, proposed by scientists in 1983 and subsequently adopted by the National Research Council in 1984, provides that, if only half of the collective nuclear weapons from Russia and the U.S. would explode, they would Fri. such huge amount of dust, smoke and soot in the at-mosphere that sunlight was completely blocked. This would continue until these clouds and therefore fixed the temperature of the earth would fall, allowing a period of abnormal cold and darkness. A nuclear winter is also considered likely after a nuclear war. Essential life processes as photosynthesis was also mortally wounded, danger to plants and animals live.

• WHY IS AN EXHAUST PIPE tractor curved up?

As the hot exhaust of a car and tend to move up, a pipe bend upward rise is the most natural form, hi one tractor, the the driver's seat directly behind the engine and usually open. Thus, a backward-bending exhaust pipe will throw directly at the driver. The rear part of a larger tractor than the engine. Even a sideways bent exhaust will have the same effect. If an agricultural tractor has several attachments and a trailer, the exhaust can not be extended back the rear tires from under the chassis. A tractor works mainly on rough terrain which could damage an exhaust pipe sticking down from the chassis.

• WAT Fuel cell technology?

Fuel cell technology uses the fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts hydrogen and oxygen in water, and in the process it produces electricity with a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell, so it never goes dead - as long as there is a stream of chemical substances in the cell, the electricity flows from the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IRON AND STEEL?

The difference is the percentage of carbon, the major alloying element. These irons with less than 2% carbon are known as steel while more than 2% carbon are known as cast iron. Cast iron is obtained from the pre-processing of iron with coke in a blast furnace. This pig iron is then further processed to reduce the carbon content in the different ovens available steels. These grades can then be further processed into alloy steel, stainless Steel to gain by adding elements such as silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, etc.

• WHAT IS CRUSH DEPTH and how is it measured?

Crush or collapse the submerged depth of the ocean depths where a submarine would collapse because of the surrounding water pressure. A submarine hull is usually of steel or steel alloys to increase the depth of diving submarines. This is normally mathematically calculated, but it is not always accurate.

• WAT M-theory?

The String theory is currently the most promising candidate for a unified theory. It describes free particles as vibrations strings in space and solves the problem of

incompatibility of the two fundamental theories (GR & QTF). There are five different string theories. The M-theory is a theory that all five string theories are only different aspects. The M-theory is a 11-dimensional theory that looks 10 dimensional at some points in the space of parameters. Such a theory could have as a fundamental object a membrane in contrast to a string.

• WHAT ARE Milankovitch CYCLES?

The Pleistocene period in Earth history, 1.8 million years to about 10,000 years ago, witnessed profound changes in climate on earth characterized by repeated glacial and interglacial events. There were as many as 30 glacial intervals during this period. Milutin Milankovitch, a Serbian astronomer and mathematician, calculated In the early 1930s that the orbital parameters of the earth changed with a frequency of approximately 1,000,00 to 20,000 years. These were responsible for variations in solar radiation received on the surface that glacial interglacial climate change. Exploration of the seabed since the 1960s has indeed highlighted above and pale Milankovitch periodicities right.

• WHAT Milankovitch CYCLES?

Astronomer Milutin Milankovitch developed the mathematical formulas which this orbital variations are based. He assumed that in some parts of the cyclic variations are combined and occur at the same time, they are responsible for major changes in the Earth's climate (even ice ages). A 1976 study published in the journal 'Science' studied deep sea sediment cores and found that the theory's Milankovich corresponded to periods of climate change. Yes, ice ages had occurred when the earth was going through various stages of orbital variation.

o When was the first shuttle launched?

The first space shuttle Columbia was launched into space on April 12, 1981 and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California on April 14, 1981. Officially it is called the Space Transportation System (STS) and it was the first reusable spacecraft. These shuttles carry payloads for scientific experiments, etc.

• THAT PLACE ON EARTH IS NEVER received RAINFALL?

The Atacama Desert, spread over the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains in northern Chile has not experienced rain in its recorded history. Made up of salt

basins, sand and lava flows, missing plant or animal life. The landscape is desolate

and moon-like surface and is used to simulate the moon in a number of experiments. The Quillagua meteorological station located in the desert has registered an average annual rainfall of only 0.5 mm during 1964-2001.

• WHAT ARE CFCs? HOW are they responsible for ozone depletion?

THERE is a layer of ozone in the 10 kilometer to 50 kilometer zone above the surface of the earth. The ozone layer protects life on earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. CFC stands for chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigeration, air-conditioning, aerosols, etc. If these gases up into the atmosphere and it reaches the ozone layer destruction. In the last ten years, in particular, the debate conducted again and again over this issue and steps are taken to rectify the situation. Many countries have agreed to stop using and the production of chloro-fluoro carbon for refrigeration or air conditioning.

• I have read that a red giant Sun after consuming its offer is hydrogen. What happens to the Sun After this phase?

YES, according to astronomers, the sun is about 5 billion years old, is expected to consume all the sun mil and hydrogen is a red giant. It will then be so large that it will overwhelm even the planets around it. Then nuclear reactions, where the vast supply of helium in the (formed of hydrogen) and the heavier elements. As a result, a white dwarf, a star of small radius. It is estimated that the radius is one hundred times smaller than the current radius. Slow loses its brightness and become a black dwarf. But stop worrying. They take at least five billion years for this to happen.

• DIAMOND both coal and carbon. Why only does DIAMOND SHINE?

Diamond is carbon in its pure form and is made of the same element as coal. But there is a difference. Diamonds are formed in places at least 120 km below the surface of the earth under the enormous pressure of the stone and the crust above them. It is true that diamonds are found in a higher level than this, under the surface of the earth. But it is believed they were originally formed deeply and shifted to higher points due to erosion of soil or ice action. There are even black diamonds. They are not used as gems, but they are useful in making cutting tools in the industry.

• What between the Earth and Mars?

ENVIRONMENT Earth's atmosphere. Then there is space. Again if your spacecraft approaches Mars, it will have to pass through the atmosphere around Mars. Unlike the moon, Mars has an atmosphere.

• WHAT IS THE alternative to petroleum? FROM Where shall we meet our energy needs are exhausted WHEN THE OIL?

Described above is one of the source: solar energy. ^ Automobiles that run on batteries, which exposes them to sunlight, already exist. You should know that nuclear reactors are also all located around the world. Many researchers have indicated the possibility of using hydrogen as fuel. We are still looking for an inexpensive way of separating hydrogen from water, which two atoms of hydrogen and oxygen in the molecule. In the Netherlands and Denmark, wind power is produced. In countries like. Japan is produced in power a small scale of tidal waves. Let us hope that the generation of tomorrow will learn how to meet power requirements.

• Why is there no gravity on the moon?

The moon also has gravity. The gravity exerted by a body based on the mass. Gravity on the moon approximately one sixth of the gravity of the earth.

• WHAT IS THE MACH NUMBER IS?

The Mach number, in the aerodynamics and fluid dynamics, the ratio of the velocity of an object through a fluid (gas or liquid) to the speed of sound in the liquid. The Mach number is named after the Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. A plane traveling at less than Mach 1 travels at subsonic speeds, at about Mach 1, transonic, or about the speed of sound, and more than Mach 1, at supersonic speeds.

• WHAT IS A Mach?

• WHAT IS THE LIMIT IS CHANDRASHEKAR?

The maximum of 1.44 times the solar mass (or the Sun's mass) of a star, an end to make his life as a white dwarf star, known as the Chandrashekar Limit. This is the basic principle for determining the future of a star after the red giant phase. The stars with a mass than 1.44 times the mass of solar-energy pass through supernova explosions and their lives as neutron stars or black holes end. This limit was discovered by Indian astrophysicist S

Chandrashekar and so it is named after him.

PLANETARY o What is albedo?

Planetary albedo is the fraction of the incoming light reflected from a surface. A bright surface, such as ice or snow, has a very high albedo (near 1, which would correspond to total reflection), while a dark background, such as coal or soot, has very low. albedo (near 0, which would represent full absorption). In the solar system, the moon, a barren, rocky surface, has an average albedo of 0.12 (12 percent of the light will save). The earth, which partially cloud-covered, has an average albedo of 0.37, while the albedo of Venus, which is completely cloud covered, is O.65.

• WHAT IS THE Chandrasekhar limit?

In the 1930s, Subramanya Chandrasekhar, now recognized as the founder of relativistic astrophysics, address the important question: What happens when a star has burned all its nuclear fuel? Chadrasekhar response was that it depends is the mass of the burnt core left. If the mass of the core (mind you, not the mass of the shining star) is less than 1.4 times the mass of the Sun, the core pension as a white dwarf star. Immediately above this limit, say up to three times the mass of solar energy, the core is a neutron star. If the mass of the core is still higher, a black hole formed. In a normal shining star, is the force of gravity balanced by nuclear reactions. In white dwarf and neutron stars, through complex quantum forces. In a black hole, gravity dominates. This pioneering work shows Chandrasekhar received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.

• How many people HAVE foot on the moon?

Some dozen people have walked the moon oh, each on a mission alone. Nobody has walked on the moon's surface since 1972. The happy astronauts: Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, Charles Conrad, Alan Bean, Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchell, David Scott, James Irwin, John Young and Charles Duke, Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt.

• IS a visible light beam in vacuum?

No, I can not see rays of light in vacuum. When a light beam enters a closed dark room through an opening, light scattered by dust in the air and so we see the path of the beam Actually we see the dust substance which can scatter the light. This explains the darkness of space, although many sources. We see only the light sources and objects falling into the path of rays.

• WHAT DOES WORK PRINCIPLE an altimeter?

There are basically two types of pressure-altitude altimeters and radio altimeters. Pressure altimeters aneroid barometer calibrated to indicate pressure altitude place. It is based on the principle of the drop in atmospheric pressure with a gain of height. The corrugated capsules in the housing to include profits from height. This expansion will increase the use of gears and levers to move the indicator on the dial. The mean sea level pressure is 1013.2 millibars or 29.92 inches of mercury is considered as zero height and there is reduction of 1 millibar for every 32 feet (approximately) of altitude gain. The instrument is therefore calibrated to give loss / gain in pressure in terms of amount won or lost. Depending on the pressure setting of date, the instrument reads height (above MSL) altitude or absolute altitude (above the ground level - AGL). A radio is a radar altimeter support, which is actually only 20 ft 2500 ft The principle is used as a Ground Proximity Warning System in mountainous terrain.

o WHAT ARE NEWCASTLE HALO GENS?

Pseudo Halo Gens are groups formed by a combination of two or more elements P block (in the periodic table) with a unit negative charge eg CN-(CN Minus) cyanide group a combination of carbon and nitrogen, with negative charge. They are called pseudo halo gens as they form covalent compounds, complexes similar to the halogens, the 17th group elements in the periodic table. They differ from halogens as they are able to polymerize in contrast to the halogens and their complexes are not paramagnetic.

• HOW DOES THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION NEEDS MANAGING are water and oxygen?

The ISS's Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLS) assists in managing water and oxygen for the astronauts. The ECLS Water Recycling System (WRS) recovering effluent from the shuttle's fuel cells in urine from oral hygiene and hand washing, and by condensation from the air. Without such careful recycling 40,000 pounds per year would water from the earth requires a minimum of four crew supply for the life of the station. The primary source of oxygen is electrolysis of water, followed by oxygen under pressure in a storage tank. Of hydrogen remaining splitting water is vented into space. In ECLS hardware racks, there is a machine that combines hydrogen with excess carbon dioxide from the air in a chemical reaction that water and produces methane.

• HOW IS MADE weightlessness on earth?

Zero Gravity conditions result in zero gravity and the body begins to float in a closed space. A more precise term is microgravity or reduced gravity, NASA's C-9B aircraft modified and Zero Gravity Corporation Boeing 727 create these conditions by flying in long, parabolic arches. By changing the flight path, they are able to different values of g-force and thus create different degrees of apparent gravity. More people experience these conditions in preparation for space tourism or adventure.

• WAT IS THE NAME OF THE TENTH PLANET?

The tenth planet in the outer solar system was recently discovered. At the moment it is about 97 times further from the Sun than the Earth and it is the farthest known object in the solar system. Mike Brown (California Institute of Technology), along with colleagues Chad Trujillo (Gemini Observatory, Hawaii) and David Rabinowitz (Yale University) discovered. These include the temporary name 2003UB313, a new name is proposed to the International Astronomical Union.

• WAT EFFECT DO currents on the Earth?

Water and ocean currents affect the climate. Because it costs much more energy to the temperature of the water than land or air, the water heats up and cools off much slower than both. As a result, inland climates are subject to more extreme temperature ranges than coastal climates, isolated through the water nearby. Surface layer of the oceans, the surface flow moving so much heat, absorbs more than half of the heat of the sun reaches the earth. Power generated near the equator are warm, currents resulting from the cold poles.

• WHY Stars twinkle in the night?

Stars appear to twinkle or change their brightness all the time. In fact, most stars shine with a steady light. The movement of air (or turbulence) in the atmosphere of the Earth causes the stars light to slightly curved like the movement of the distant star through the atmosphere at our ground. Part of the light reaching us directly, but what is slightly bent. This gives the illusion of twinkling. Stars closer to the horizon appear to twinkle more than others. This is because the atmosphere is a lot closer than the horizon between earth and later a star in the sky.

• HOW DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE EXISTENCE OF PLANETS million miles from the U.S.?

Planets like Pluto in the farthest reaches of our solar system can be viewed and photographed by powerful optical telescopes. Distant planets outside our solar system, many light years away from our Sun, can not be caught, even by high resolution telescopes. Large planets close to a star, the exercise of a very low gravity of the parent star. This causes one minutes wobble in the rotation of the original star, which can be detected by highly sensitive spectroscope monitors. The existence of the planet can only indirectly visualized.

• HOW TO COMMUNICATE Astronauts in space?

• HOW Zero SIMULATED gravity?

Simulation zero gravity, while still within the gravitational pull of the earth is achieved in a similar manner to that of an artificial satellite. When a body moves in a circular path, centrifugal force acting on experience. This force points radially outward and is dependent on both the speed and the radius of the orbit. Given this factor, as a plane flies in a circular arc path, then passengers experience a centrifugal force point from the earth. At a certain speed, this force exactly counterbalance gravity, and passengers experience weightlessness or zero gravity.

• How many satellites CURRENTLY REVOLVING, AROUND THE EARTH?

Although everything in orbit around Earth is technically called a satellite, the term generally used to describe of a useful object placed in orbit purposely to perform a specific job or task. Approximately 23,000 items of space junk objects were inadvertently placed in a job or have outlived their usefulness float above the earth. The actual number depends on which agency is counting. Pay taxes that go into the wrong orbit, satellites with run-down batteries, and leftover rocket boosters all contribute to the tally. This count is almost 26,000.

• WHY DO some people have 'Red Eye' IN PICTURES?

Light, usually from a camera flash, enter the eyes of the subject and gives it back into the lens. The red color comes from the discoloration of the retina that is lined with blood vessels. To avoid "red eye", the feedback of light chain should be interrupted. The most effective way The use of indirect off-camera lighting, the reflection of the eye away from doing some "^ the lens. Another remedy is to reduce the size of the pupils of the eyes of your subject limit, effectively preventing the bounce-back syndrome. This is why some camera models fire one or more pre-flashes before taking a picture, the smaller are intended for the eyes flashing to adapt to bright light, reducing the pupil size.

• WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF SAND?

1. Sand is a non-cohesive, loose granular material that comes from rocks due to wear of the larger pieces of rock by water or wind in the favorable weather conditions. The composition of sand depends on the parent rock, the most common minerals are silica and feldspar. Less common are iron minerals. Silica comes in the form of quartz and feldspar consist of plagioclase. Additional mineral fragments are rare and include Muscovite, chlorite, epidote, garnet and zircon. Some deposits of sand may contain magnetite, glauconite or gypsum. Sands rich in magnetite are dark in color, while rich in gypsum have a green tint.

• WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE MONSOON'S WORD?

The word monsoon comes from the Arabic word mausim, which again means. The annual appearance of torrential rains, indicating a clear shift in the back, gradually mausim monsoon.

• WHAT ARE fullerenes?

Fullerenes are one of the three allotropes (same element in two or more forms) of carbon. The other two are diamond and graphite. Scientists Kroto, Curl and Smalley discovered fullerenes at Rice University in September 1985. One of the fullerenes - Buckminster Fullerene - consists of 60 carbon atoms linked together and form an almost spherical C60 molecule joined hexagons (20) and five angles (12). The bonds have the same arrangement as the panels on a football field. Fullerenes can be prepared by an electric discharge by means of graphite rods in an atmosphere of helium. It is now known that a Buckminster Fullerene probably formed in sooty flames.

• WHAT IS micro lenses?

According Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, light has mass. When light passes near a massive object, it is attracted to it and changes its direction to it. Therefore, when an astronomical body is between the earth and a larger, more distant astronomical object, the light that Earth receives from the distant body aimed at Earth because the attraction of the intermediate body, this is somewhat similar to focus sunlight on a piece of paper through a lens, so called astronomical microlensing. Astronomers use micro lenses in their search for new planets, and observing distant, faint objects and neutron stars.

• WHAT WATER IS MEMORY? ,

Water is said that the power of memory - if certain chemical substances are dissolved in water and then completely removed by a chemical process, water may still retain some properties of the dissolved chemicals. Although this concept seems difficult to accept or understand, the French scientist Jacques Benveniste allegedly demonstrated. However, other scientists never replicate this experiment.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SECOND AND THIRD GENERATION generation technology?

The main difference between second generation (2G) and third generation (3G) technology is data. 2G services are developed with mostly voice services in mind, but are able to provide relatively slow (14.4 Kbps) speed data services. Most providers offer a number of U.S. data, including limited access to wireless internet. For 3G, the expected much higher data speeds, up to 2 Mbps for fixed applications and 384 kbps for mobile applications. This will support advanced features, including audio and video streaming, remote access to company databases and a wider range of entertainment and information services. 3G will support a range of devices, including phones, personal digital assistants and laptop computers.

• What is the meaning of Red Rain?

Five years ago, scarlet rain was reported in a town called Cherry Chen Gana in Kottayam district of Kerala. Research scientists from the Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala examined this peculiar phenomenon and discovered that the rain cell-like particles, which they maintain, are not of the earth, but from space. The scientists suspect that a comet that exploded in air causes the airburst that the red rain made

• HORSE POWER IS WHY SO CALLED?

When the steam engine began the work of the horses do in the mines in early 1800, owners of the mine began to ask how many horses would replace an engine. James Watt, inventor of steam engines, invented a mathematical way to horses to equal power. The term horsepower was invented. Watt measured power of a great horse pulling a load and thought it was a draw weight of 150 pounds during a hike of 2.5 miles per hour. This works to 33,000 feet-pounds per minute or 550 foot-pounds per second.

• WAT Liquid oxygen is used for?

• Who invented the escalator?

The fundamental f an escalator mechanism was. first invented by Jess W Reno of "the U.S. in 1881. It was used primarily for driving on the masts of wooden or iron poles in ships ropes or belts to attach the support sails. The escalator name was applied to a moving staircase in 1900and first shown in a Paris exhibition. Charles Seeberger, with a company called Otis Elevator Company, built the first commercial escalator.

• WHY IS IMPORTANT MISSION NASA's Dawn?

The Dawn mission is important because it will study Vesta and Ceres, two of the solar system's largest asteroids in the belt between Mars and Jupiter. The spacecraft is scheduled for launch in July 2007 and will capture images of the surface of these asteroids and probe the composition, density and magnetism. The project was almost scuttled because of cost considerations, but got a new lease of life's

• Ground proximity warning HOW DOES IT WORK IN A PLANE?

Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) is designed to warn pilots when their aircraft in immediate danger of Hying in the ground. Another common name is Ground Collision Warning System. Thurs Bateman is credited for inventing the GPWS. This system monitors an aircraft altitude above ground as determined by the radio altimeter. A computer traces of these lectures, calculates trends, and alerts the captain with a visual and audio messages as the aircraft flies above certain thresholds defined configurations or also known as modes. The modes are: excessive descent rate, excessive. Terrain closure rate, altitude loss after takeoff, unsafe terrain clearance and excessive deviation below GlideScope. Corrective action is then taken.

• WHAT IS A pyrometer?

A pyrometer, invented by Josiah Wedgwood, is a means that relatively high temperatures, such as a furnace measures. Many pyrometers work by measuring the radiation of the body whose temperature is measured. There is another device known as the optical pyrometer. It measures the temperature of incandescent bodies by comparing them visually with a filament of known temperature. Another type is the resistance pyrometer which a fine wire in contact with the object and the temperature is determined by measuring the electrical resistance.

• WHAT WHITE coal is?

Cabbage is a form of fuel produced by drying chopped wood over a fire. It differs from charcoal, charred wood that White coal was used in England to melt lead ore from the mid 16th to late 17th century. It produces more heat than but less than charcoal and thus avoids lead evaporate. Cabbage was produced in distinctive circular pits with a channel, known as Q-pits and are often found in the woods 7f South Yorkshire.

• WHAT IS THE MEANING OF geostationary satellite?

A geostationary satellite: a satellite, which moves in space with the same speed and same direction as Earth. Due it is its position with respect to one place on earth.

• When the sun a star, TWINKLE WHY NOT IT?

The Sun is an ordinary star. There are stars many times larger than the Sun The twinkling stars that you see are so distant that their light takes thousands of years to reach us. Even the light the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, takes about three to four years to reach us. The light from the stars seem to flicker, because it is constantly moving through the air currents around the earth. Twinkle because the sun is not very close, just about 150 million kilometers away.

• HOW WAS THE OZONE GET DEPLETED?

The ozone layer has thinned due to chemicals in the atmosphere by humans, especially chlorofluoro coal used in the refrigeration industry and air conditioners.

• WHAT IS A transducer?

Transducer is a contraption by instrumentation engineers to a physical action to into an equivalent electrical signal.

• WHAT is an exothermic reaction?

Exotherm is an adjective with respect to a chemical change associated with liberation of energy in the form of heat.

• WHAT ARE conics?

In geometry, circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola and a few straight lines are geometric entities such as conics can be obtained by slicing a cone.

• WHAT IS MARCODONTIA?

It is a rare case of unusually large teeth found in other normal person.

• WAT IS RESIDUAL STRESS?

It is a tension in metal, on a microscopic scale, due to non-uniform thermal changes and plassic distortion.

• WHAT A GM counter?

GM and Geiger-Mueller Counter is an instrument used to measure radioactivity. It is a cylindrical structure filled with inert gas and a central wire maintained at ultra-high voltage. The clashes radiationionises the inert gas and a charged particle creates a shower. These change, electronic gadgets, such as a computer.

• WHAT FLOWER IS KNOWN AS THE FLOWERS OF THE NIGHT?

The flower of a type of cactus called orchid cactus (Epiphyllum oxypetallum), is known as the "flower of the night" or the "Queen of the Night". This cactus is native to Central and South America. It has what appear to be flat leaves, which are actually stems, which flower blooms directly in Greek, "Epiphyllum" means "on the sheet." These cactus flowers once a year, and the flower opens for only one night. When the flower blossoms, he fills his environment with a strong odor, and hence the name.

• WHAT GODEPS argument is?

Austrian-born American mathematician Kurt Gödel showed that within a rigid logical mathematical system there are certain questions that can not be proved or disproved on the basis of the axioms of the system. Gödel's theorem, essentially goes beyond the realm of.

• YOU KNOW THE MEANING OF chirality?

If the image of a natural object is different from the object itself, it is a chiral object or objects. A perfect sphere is not chiral. Scientists are studying the basic building blocks of matter to understand the fundamental reason for this fantastic property.

• Is there anything YELLOW OVER the Yellow Sea?

The Yellow Sea is an arm of the Pacific Ocean that extends inland for about 400 miles between the east coast of China and Korea. The Chinese called this area the Hall Huang (Yellow Sea), because the waters along the banks are a yellow, muddy color. The Huang River carries deposits of yellow earth (huangtu) on the Yellow Sea, which thus gets its name.

• WAT BLACK IS BLACK ON THE SEA?

The deep waters of the Black Sea is thought darker than normal sea water, because the Black Sea is rich concentration of micro-algae. Furthermore, the Black Sea 'in ancient times, perhaps because it was very stormy and so difficult to navigate. It was seen as an inhospitable sea as barbarians occupied its banks. Another theory is the Black Sea, so named because it is on the north side of the Mediterranean Sea in antiquity and the color black is used in the compass north brand.

• Is there something RED ON RED SEA?

The Red Sea is not really red. The Red Sea, located between the African Coastal and Saudi Arabia, contains a type of algae called Trichodesmium eythraeum. When they die, their remains end up in ocean floor. Their reddish color adjustments and giving the sea a "Color Red".

• WHAT'S UNIQUE ABOUT ORION spacecraft?

Orion is the new moon ship that NASA plans to develop. This was when the American astronaut Jeff Williams accidentally mentioned the name of the vehicle while taping a message for a space agency when 354 kilometer floating above the earth in the International Space Station. It was broadcast by an accident in the space-ground radio.

• WHAT A Puffer Machine?

A puffer machine, formally called an explosives detection trace portal, is a security device that detects explosives at airports and other sensitive facilities. The machine works by releasing several puffs of air at a passenger in the machine upright. The cool air blast will be felt by the passenger, but are not embarrassing or otherwise harmful. The aim of the series of air explosion, the microscopic particles released into the air, like gunpowder residue or materials for making bombs, that would be detected by the machine. If these particles are suspected, the passenger can be kept for further screening. The whole process takes about 15 seconds.

• WHY IS orbit of Pluto different from all other planets?

The peculiarity of the orbit of Pluto is that both its inclination and eccentricity to the ecliptic, the plane approach the orbits of other planets are extremely high. When Pluto was discovered only in 1930, astronomers have not been able to complete the peculiarity explaining his job. One hypothesis suggested that originally a moon of Neptune, and later somehow escaped the gravity of Neptune in 1978, when Pluto's moon, Charon, was discovered, new theories proposed concerning the origin of both Pluto and Charon. The view now is that * both independently formed, but after some time there was a collision between Pluto and Charon the original. The debris of the collision,